2 Enoch 19

2 Enoch 19
Section: Heavenly Journey (Ten Heavens)
Translated by W.R. Morfill, ed. R.H. Charles (1896)

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Of the taking up of ‘Enoch into the fifth Heaven

XVIII. 1. The men took * and brought® me up into the fifth heaven ®, and I saw there many hosts * not to be counted

• So Sok. but that it omits of the heavena and of ths angela. B reads, So their circle goea as it were round ths heavens and their charict. Ths wind goes with it, urging its course and the flying spirits draw en the chariota. 2 B adds and such ia ths arrangement of the mcon. 3 So Sok. ; and ita courae ia in seven differsnt directions for nineteen yeara, A; Bom.

XVII. * A adde and noble and continucus and varied singing, which it ia not possibis to describs. And so wonderful and strangs ia the singing of thess angels that it amazes every mind. Sok. adds and with noble ainging.

XVIII. ° A Bom. A® adda and placed me there.

Spirits… with aix winga. The purpose for which they are armed is moon haa its attendant six-winged given in Test. Levi 3, thongh in this apirits as the sun haa its ¢welve-winged Testament they are placed in the attendante (xii. 2). 8. This verse third heaven: éy 7 rpirm ciolv ai deals with the Metonic cycle. Thia Svvdyes riév napepBordy, of tayOévres eyele consists of a period of nineteen «is Hpépayv Kpiceas, moshoo éexdinnow solar years, after which the new & Tois mvevpaot THs wAdyns Kal ToD moons happen on the same days of the = BeA/ap. Serving the Lord with year. As nineteen aolar years = cymbals…and uncsasing voics. 6,939-1860 daya=235 lunar months Thia is exactly the conception which = nineteen Innar years and seven ‘Test. Levi 3 gives of the functions of months, the solar and lunar years can the inhabitants of the fourth heaven: be recenciled by intercalating seven €év 5 TO per’ abrdv cial Opdvai, éfou- lunar menthe at the close of the 3rd, cia, év @ tpva det 7H OcG mpoo- sth, 8th, 11th, 13th, 16th, and 19th ¢éporrat. years of the cycle. XVIII. 1. Fifth heaven. Our XVII. An armed host. The text and Test. Levi 3 differ absolutely

Chapters XVI, 8B—XVITIT. 3. 21

called Grigori!; and their appearance was like men, and their size was * greater than that of the giants ?. 2. And their countenances were withered, and their lips are always silent. And there was no service in * the fifth? heaven. And I said to the men who were with me: ‘ Why are these men very withered, and their faces melancholy, and their lips silent, and there 1s no service in this heaven ?’ 3. And they said to me: ‘ These are the Grigori, who, with their prince Satanail,

2B an.

as to the inhabitants of the fifth heaven, According to the latter the inhabitants are of dyyeAor of hépovtes Tas dnoxpices Tois dyyéAas Tod mpoo- wmov xupiov. This view, hawever, seems limited to the Test. of Levi, whereas we find in Chag. 12” the same view expressed as here: i.e, in ND the fifth heaven are to be found ‘ hosts of angels praising Gad by night, but keeping silent by day that God may hear the praises of Israel.’ The latter clause is a late Rabbinic idea. Again, in Clem, Alex. Strom. v. II. 77, we find a fragment of the Apocalypse of Zephaniah which sup- ports, aud in all probability is based on, our text: ap’ ody Spoia Taira rots i1d Sopovia AexGeior Tod apodyrov; wat dvéAaBey pe mvedya Kal ayhveynéy pe eis otpavdy méuntoy nal ébedpovr ayyéAous Kadovpévous Kupious .

ipvotvras Oedv adppytoy byiotoyv. This Apocalypse is extant in Thebaic in « fragmentary condition, hut these fragments do not contain the passage just quoted. Grigori. These are the Watchers, the “Eyp7yopou, or oy, of whom we have so full accounts in the Eth. En. vi-xvi.; xix.; Ixxxvi. 8. The Grigori. These are the angels whose brethren rebelled and

7 Greater than great wonders, B. Great and they were huge limbed, A. B oM. REST OF CHAPTER.

3 This, Sok.

were confined in the second heaven. See vi. 3 (note). These Watchers rebelled against Gad hefore the angels were tempted to sin with the daugli- ters of men. Iu other words, we have here the agents of the original revolt in heaven, the Satans; and their leader is naturally named Sata- nail, These existed as evil agencies before the fall of the angels; for in Eth. En. liv. 6 the guilt of the latter consisted in becoming subject to Satan. See Eth. En. xl. 7 (note). The myth here, however, varies somewhat from that in Eth. En. vi-xvi. The leaders in the Eth. En. vi-xvi. are not Satans, but ‘watchers,’ like their followers. In Eth. En. lxix, however, we have an account which harmonizes with onr text. There we see that the superior angels had rebelled before the creation of Adam ; that they had tempted Eve and bronght about the fall of the angels in the days of Jared. Thus, in Eth. En. Ixix. and here, the leaders of the angels who fell in Jared’s days are Satans. This is practically the view of portions of the Talmud. See Weber, pp. 211, 243, 244. Who with their prince Satanail. Quotedin Test. Dan.5 ..

Tay mveupatay THs wAayns. “Avéyvow

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The Book of the Secrets of Enoch.

rejected the holy! Lord”. 4. And *in consequence of these things ® they are kept in great darkness in the second heaven ;

• and of them there went three * to the earth from the throne of God to the place Ermon; and they entered into dealings on the side of Mount Iermon, and they saw the daughters of men, that they were fair, and took unto themselves wives.

5. And they made the earth foul with their deeds®. And they acted lawlessly in all times of this age, and wrought confusion, and the giants were born, and the strangely tall men, and there was much wickedness. 6. And on account of this God judged them with a mighty judgement. And they lament for their brethren, and they will be punished at the great day of the Lord. 7. And I said to the Grigori: ‘I have seen your brethren and their works, and their great’

• Sok.om. ? Sok. adds to the number of twenty millions. * Those who followed them are the prisoners who, Sok. * Who went, Sok.

Sok. adds And the wives of men continue to do evil.

yap év BiBrAw ’Evdy rot Sixatov, Ste 6 dpyov tpay éoriv 6 Saravds. tyav -is here corrupt for a’r@y. The text cannot mean that all the watchers rebelled, but only that it was from the class of the watchers that the rebels proceeded. It is, of course, just possihle that the writers’ scheme may differ from the conception we have given above, and be as follows. The rehellionus watchers, with their prince Satanail, are confined to the fifth heaven. The subordinate angels who followed them are imprisoned in the second heaven, whereas the watchers who went down to earth and sinned with women are imprisoned under the earth. This view is very attractive, but is open to more diffi- culties of interpretation than the one we have followed. The MSS. reading Jifth in vii. 3 is indeed in its favour, but then for ‘prince and’ in the

same verse we must read ‘ prince and leaders who.’ The main objections to this interpretation, however, lie in xviii. 8, 9, and in vii. 3, where the prisoners of the second heaven are clearly identified with the watchers, In xxx. 1-3 Satanail with his anyels is cast down from heaven. 4. Kept…in the second heaven: see vii. 3. Three. According to Eth. En. ix. 6 Azazel, or vi. 3, ix. 7 Semjaza: according to Jalkué Schim., Beresch 44 Assael and Semyaza. Ermon: see Eth, En. vi. 2-6 (notes). Entered into dealings on… Mount Iermon: Eth. En. vi. 5. 55 Eth. En: x. 8’s vil. -2. 6. Eth. En. x. 4-15. They will be punished: i.e, the lustful watchers. 7. There is a confusion in this verse. In vii. Enoch has seen the rebellious watchers being tortured inthe second heaven ; whereas he says here that he

Chapters XVIT, 4—XIX. 2. 23

torments!. And I have prayed for them, but God has con- demned them (to be) under the earth, till the heaven and earth are ended for ever.’ 8. And I said: ‘ Why do ye

• wait, brethren 7, and not serve before the face of the Lord ? and perform your duties * before the facé of the Lord, and do not anger your Lord * to the end,’ g. And they listened to my rebuke. And they *stood in the four orders in this°® heaven, and lo! as I was standing with these men, four trumpets resounded together with a loud voice, and the Grigori sang with one voice, and their voices went forth before the Lord ® with sadness and tenderness.

• [The taking up of Enoch into the sixth Heaven.|

XIX. 1. And these men took me thence and brought me to the sixth heaven, and I saw there seven bands of angels, very bright and glorious, and their faces shining more than

• the rays of” the sun. is no difference *in their countenances, or their manner, or the style of their clothing ®. 2. *And these orders? arrange and study *the revolutions of the stars, and the changes

• They are resplendent”, and there

1 Sok. adds and their great entreaties. * Await your brethren,

Sok. 3 Sok. adds and serve. * Sok. adds your God. 5 Spoke to the four orders in, A. ® Sok. adds God. XIX. 7 Bom. § Of form between them nor in the fashion of their

raiment, Sok. ® Some of these angels, B.

Chag. 12°, and with the colourless account in the Asc, Js. There is no difference in their countenances,

has seen the lustful watchers who are punished under the earth. I have prayed for them: cf. vii. 5 (note).

8, 9. The watchers are silent out of sympathy with their brethren who are punished in the second heaven and under the earth, but at Enoch’s rebuke they resume the wor- ship they had left off. Even so their singing is still marked with sadness, XIX. 1. The account of the sixth heaven disagrees more or less with that of Test. Levi 3, with that of

&c.: Asc. Is. viii. 16 ‘Omnium una species et gloria aequalis,” seems to be derived from our text, as it empha- sizes the differences in glory between the angelic orders in each of the first five heavens, and emphasizcs no less the equality in glory of all the angels of the sixth heaven (cf. Asc. Is. viii. 5-7). 2. The heavenly -bodies are under Uriel in Eth. En. lxxii-lxxxii.

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of the moon, and revolutions of the sun, and superintend the good or evil condition of the world’. 3. *And they? arrange teachings, and instructions, and sweet *speaking, and 3 singing, and all * kinds of glorious * praise. * These are the archangels who are appointed over the angels! They hold in subjection all living things both in heaven and earth ° 4. And there are the engels who are over seasons and years, and the angels who are over rivers and the sea, and those who are over the fruits * of the earth, and the angels over every herb, giving all kinds of nourishment to every living thing °, 5. And the angels over all souls of men, who write down all their works and their lives™ before the face of the Lord. 6. In the midst of them are seven phoenixes and seven cheruhbims, and seven six-winged creatures, * being as one voice and singing with one voice®; and it is not possible to describe their singing, and * they rejoice before the Lord® at His footstool.

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| Thence Enoch is taken into the seventh Heaven ™.|

XX. 1. And these men took me thence *and brought me?!

1 The peaceful order of the world, and the revolutions of the sun,moon, and stars. * Other heavenly angels, B. ’ And clear, A; voiced, Sok. * Things concsrned with, A. 5 So A Sok.; but that A reads measure for hold in subjection, B om. 6 So A Sok.; but that A reads all thoss who give nourishment for giving all kinds of nourishment; B reads and grass and all things that grow. 7 And the angels who write down all the souls of men and all their works and their lives, A; Other angels arranges the things of all men and all living things, and write, B. 3 With one voices they sing in harmony, A; Hach uttering words by himself, and singing by himself things in harmony, B. ° The Lord rejoices with them, B.

XX. ! Entry of Enoch into ths seventh heaven, B. 1 A om.

4. In Eth. En. Jx. it is subordinate phim, Ophannim, and Chajjoth, and

spirits that are over these natural objects. Cf Eth. En. lxxxii.13; Rev. 1K. 14) 5 2Vi. 5. 5. It is Raphael in Eth. En. xx. 3. 6. Six-winged creatures: i.e. seraphim. Cf. xii. 1 (notes). Observe that hoth cherubim and seraphim are also in the seventh heaven, Chag. 12 places the Sera-

other angels of service in ths seventh heaven. Test. Levi 3 in agreement with this verse represents the in- habitants of the sixth heaven as of dyyedot elot rot mpocwnov xupiov, ai AerroupyovrTes.

XX. 1. With this description of the heavenly hosts cf. Is. vi; Ezek.

to the seventh heaven, and I saw there a very | great light and *all the fiery hosts of great archangels, and incorporeal powers? *and lordships, and principalities, and powers; cherubim and seraphim, thrones! *and the watchfulness of many eyes. There were ten troops, a station of brightness *, and I was afraid, and trembled * with a great terror }. 2. And those men *took hold of me and brought me into their midst + and said to me: ‘Be of good cheer, Enoch, be not afraid.’ 3. And they showed me the Lord from afar sitting on His lofty ® throne ® And all the heavenly hosts having approached stood! on the ten! steps, * according to their rank: and} made

• Bom. * A fiery host of great archangels of epiritual forms, A. All the fiery and bright host of the incorporeal archangels, B. * And the ten many-eyed bands of bright station, Sok.; Bom. After brightness A Sok. add the glosa like the followers of John. For nine (A) I have read ten with Sok. * Placed me in their midst, B. For unto their midat A reads after them. ° Very lofty, Sok., B om. 6 A adds for it is that upon which God rests. In the tenth heaven, in the tenth heaven is God. In the Hebrew language it ia called Avarat.

i; Eth. En. xiv. 9-17; Ixxi. 7-9; Rev. iv. For Chag. 12 see xix. 6 (note). Bnt this account can well compare for grandeur with any of the above. Lordships, and principali- ties, and powers …thrones, So exactly Col. i. 16 etre Opdva: eire xupid~ Tyres €ire apxal cite éfovoia. Cf. Eph. i. 21 dpyjfjs eal tfoucias cat Suvd- pews Kal xupiérytos: also Rom. viii. 38; Eph. iii. 10, 15; 1 Pet. iii. 22; Eth, En. lxi, 10. Watchfulness of many eyes seems to be derived from

Ezek. x. 12. These are the Ophan- nin, Eth. En. lxi. ro. Ten… brightness. These are the ten orders

of angels mentioned in ver. 3. Was afraid and trembled: Eth. En. xiv. 14. 2. Be of good oheer, &c. : ef. i. 8. 3. The Lord… on Hia lofty throne: Is, vi, 1; Eth, En. xiv. 20; Rev. xix. 4. All the heavenly hosts … on the ten ateps according to their rank,

These hosts consist of the ten troops mentioned in ver. 1, arranged in the order of their rank. According to Maimonides in the Mishne Thora S. 1; Jesode Thora C. 2, they are: Chajjoth, Ophannim, Arellim, Chash- mallim, Seraphim, Mal’achim, Elohim, Bene Elohim, Kerubim, Ishim (We- ber, p. 163). In the Berith menucha the list ia different: Arellim, Ishim, Bene Elohim, Mal’achim, Chashmal- lim, Tarshishim, Shina’nim, Kervbim, Ophannim, Seraphim (Eisenmenger, ii, 374). But the nearest parallel is to be found in the nine ordera of Dio- nysius the Areopagite, ie. Sepadip, XepouBip, @pdva, Kupidrnres, Avra- pes, “Efovoita, “Apyai, ’Apxdyyeadat, ““Ayyedot. These are reproduced in Dante, Par. c. xxviii, where the elightly differing arrangement of Gregory the Great (Hom. xxxiv. 7) ig censured,

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obeisance to the Lord. 4. And so they proceeded to their places in joy and mirth, and in boundless light * singing songs with low and gentle voices1, * and gloriously serving Him *.

| How the Angels placed Enoch there at the limits of the seventh Heaven, and departed from him invisibly.)

XXJ. 1. They leave not *nor depart day or night? standing before the face of the Lord, working His will, cherubim and seraphim, standing round His throne. * And the six-winged creatures® overshadow all © His throne, singing

• with a soft voice® before the face of the Lord: *‘ Holy, Holy, Holy: Lord God of Sabaoth! heaven and earth are full of Thy glory °!’ 2. When I had seen all these things, * these men said unto me: ‘ Enoch, up to this time we have been ordered to accompany thee.’ And ® those men departed from me, and I saw them ne more. And I remained alone at the extremity of the heaven’, and was afraid, and fell on my face, * and said within myself: ‘ Woe is me! what has come upon me! 8,’ 3. And the Lord sent one of His glorious archangels ®, Gabriel, and he said to me: ‘Be of good cheer, Enoch, *be not afraid °, *stand up, come with me”, and stand up before the face of the Lord for ever. 4. And I answered him, *and said’: ‘Oh! Lord, my spirit has departed from me with fear *and trembling®! *call to me the men’? who have brought me to this place: upon them

1 Bom. ? The glorious ones seeing Him, Suk.

XXI.°* Aom. * Baddsandthe whole host of. ° With six wings and many eyes, A. * Bom. 7? Seventhheaven,A. *Bom. ° Fearnot thou these hosts, B. +’® Come unto me, B. A transposes these words after for ever. @4#Bom.; A adds within myself. B adds Woe is me, O Lord! %T called the men, A B,

XXI, 1. Leave not nor depart depart.’ ‘Six-winged creatures… day or night. This is derived from Holy, holy, holy, &c.,’ Is. vi. 2, 3. Eth. Hin. xiv. 23 ‘The holy ones 3. Be of good cheer, be not afraid. of the holy—leave not by night nur See i. 8; xx. 2; xxi. 5; Eth. En,

I have relied, and with them I would go before the face of the Lord.’ 5. And Gabriel hurried me away like a leaf carried off by the wind, *and he took me! and set me before the face of the Lord *.

XXII. 4. I fell down? and worshipped the Lord. 5. And the Lord spake with His lips to me: ‘Be of good cheer,

1 Having taken me, Sek., A om. 2 A adds 6. And I saw the eighth heaven, which is called in the Hsbrew languages, Muzaloth, changing in its season in dryness and moisture, with ths twelve signs of the zodiac, which are abovs ths seventh heaven. And I saw ths ninth heaven, which in ths Hehrsw is called Kukhavim, whore are the heavenly homes of ths twelve signs of the zodiac.

Michael the Archangel led Enoch into the tenth heaven before the face of the Lord.

XXII. 1. In ths tenth hsaven Aravoth, I saw ths vision of the facs of ths Lord, like iron burnt in the firs, and brought forth and emitting sparks, and it burns. So I saw ths face of the Lord; but ths faces of the Lord cannot bstold. It is wonderful and awful, and very terrible. 2. And who am I that I should tell of the unspsakable being of God, and Hia wonderful face? And it is not for me to tell of His wonderful knowledge and various utterances ; and the vsry great throns of ths Lord not made with hands. And how many stand around Him, hosts of cherubim and seraphim. 3. And moreover their nsver-ceasing songs, and their nuchanging beauty, and the unspeakabis greatness of His beauty, who can tell P

In Sok. a duplicate, but somewhat different, version of XXII. 1-3 is given :—

I also saw the Lord face to faces. And His face was very glorious, marvellous and terrible, threatening, and strange. 2. Who amT to tell of the incomprehensible existence of the Lord, and His face wondarful, and not to be spoken of: and the choir with much instruction, and loud sound, and the throne of ths Lord vsry great, and not mads with hands: and ths choir standing around Him of the hosts of cherubim and seraphim !

5 B adds and could not sse the Lord God.

xiv. 17, where the path of the stars is ahove the throne of God, and as

V2; 5. Cf. ver. 3. (6. This verse. is clearly an intsrpolation. It

is not found sither in B or Sok, Furthermore, throughout the rest of the book only seven heavens are mentioned or implied. The term Muzaloth is the Hebrew name for the twelve signs of the Zodiac nibyp, Kukhavim is merely a transliteration of M’Q313. Some ground for this conception may be found in Eth, En,

the throne of God according to this hook is in the seventh heaven, the signs and stars might he regarded as in the eighth or ninth. ]

XXII, (1-3. Aravoth a translitera- tion of MAW, which according to Chagig 12” was really the seventh heaven, The rest of ver. 1 and verses 2, 3, may in some form have belonged

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Enoch, be not afraid: rise up and stand before my face for ever.’ 6. And Michael, the chief captain, * lifted me up, and‘? bronght me before the face of the Lord, and the Lord said to His servants making trial of them : ‘ Let Kaoch come to stand before My face for ever!’ 7. And the glorious ones made obeisance to the Lord, and said: ‘ Let Enoch proceed according to Thy word?!’ 8. And the Lord said to Michael: ‘ Go and take from Enoch his earthly robe, and anoint him with My holy ? oil, and clothe him with the ralment of My glory.’ g. And so Michael * did as the Lord spake nnto him. He* anointed me® and clothed me, and the appearance of that oil was more than a great light, and its anointing was like excellent dew; and its fragrance like myrrh, shining like a ray of the sun. 10. * And I gazed upon myself, and I was like one of His glorious ones®, *And there was no difference, and fear and trembling departed from me’, 11. And the Lord called one of His archangels, by name Vretil §, who * was more wise than the other archangels, and ® wrote down all the doings of the Lord. 12, And the Lord said to Vretil ®, ‘ Bring forth

1 Bom. and transposes verses 8-10 hefore 5. 2 And told ms to come forth, B. 3 Taks Enoch and strip from him all sarthly things and anoint him with fine, B. * Stripped ms of my clothes and, B. 5 With blessed oil, B. § Sok. om. 7 A Sok. om. § Pravuil, A; Vrevoil, Sok. ° With wisdom, B.

to the text. I hava with some hesi- tation rejected them], 6. Michael.

the blessed. Cf. Eth, En. Ixii. 15 ; evill. 12; 2 Cor. v. 3,4; Rev. iii. 4,

Cf. Eth. En. Ixxi. 13, 14, where Michael takes charge of Enoch. He is hkewise the chief of the archangels, Eth. En. xl. 9. As being the angel set over Israal, Eth. En. xx. 5, he is naturally the chief captain. 8. This is 7d Aatoy Tov éAéov of Apoce. Mosis ed. Tischend. p. 6. Holy oil. See viii. 7: Evang. Nicod. ii. 3. This oil is described in ver. 9, and its effects in ver. 10, Raiment of my glory. These are the garments of é

By FOG IVs so Vice das Wiles Q; 25,0 14’s 4 Ezra ii. 39, 45; Herm. Sim, viii. 2; Ase. Is. ix. 9. ll. Vretil. I cannot find this name anywhere else. 12. Give a read to Enoch. These words are drawn upon in Liber S&. Joannis Apocryphus (Thilo, Cod. Apocr. N. T. vol. i. p. 890) ‘Ela vavit Henoc snper firmamentum… et praecepit ei dari calamum.. . et sedens scripsit sexaginta saptein libros,

the books from my store-places, * and give a reed to Enoch !, and interpret to him the books.” *And Vretil made haste and brought me the books, fragrant with myrrh, and gave me a reed from his hand 3.

[Of the Writing of Enoch how he wrote about his wonderful Goings